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| | | World History timeline |
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| 1948 December 23 |
| | Japanese premier Tojo Hideki is convicted in the Tokyo war crimes trial and is hanged | |
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| 1949 |
| | The first Indo-Pakistani war ends with a Kashmir demarcation line approved by the UN but acceptable to neither state | |
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| 1949 |
| | Defeated by the Communists, Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) resigns before the final collapse of his regime | |
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| 1949 |
| | Roland Petit's ballet Carmen, starring himself and his wife Zizi Jeanmaire, is a sensation at its London premiere | |
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| 1949 |
| | Egypt controls the Gaza Strip area of Palestine at the end of the Arab-Israeli war | |
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| 1949 |
| | French ex-convict Jean Genet begins his literary career with an autobiographical Thief's Journal | |
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| 1949 |
| | Newfoundland joins Canada as its tenth province, completing the Confederation | |
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| 1949 |
| | Jordan occupies the West Bank area of Palestine af the end of the Arab-Israeli war | |
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| 1949 |
| | The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is set up by the USA and Canada, together with Britain and other European countries, for purposes of collective security | |
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| 1949 |
| | Annie Allen, by US author Gwendolyn Brooks, describes in narrative verse the life of a black girl in contemporary USA | |
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| 1949 |
| | Death of a Salesman, by US playwright Arthur Miller, has its first performance in New York | |
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| 1949 |
| | The musical South Pacific, by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, opens on Broadway | |
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| 1949 |
| | US architect Philip Johnson builds the Glass House in Connecticut in the International Style | |
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| 1949 |
| | Exceptional Scythian remains are found in frozen burial mounds at Pazyryk, in the Altai region of Siberia | |
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| 1949 |
| | Radical young members, including Nelson Mandela, take control of the ANC | |
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| 1949 |
| | Ealing Studios produce a film of Compton Mackenzie's 1947 novel Whisky Galore, about an alcoholic windfall on the island of Barra | |
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| 1949 |
| | The first Soviet atomic bomb, called by the Americans Joe One, is successfully tested in Kazakhstan | |
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| 1949 |
| | Karl von Frisch demonstrates that bees make use of the polarized light of the sun to calculate direction | |
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| 1949 |
| | Gene Kelly, Frank Sinatra and Jules Munchin star as three US sailors on shore leave in the screen version of On the Town | |
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| 1949 |
| | The Christian Democrats win the first elections in Germany since 1933, and Konrad Adenauer becomes chancellor of West Germany | |
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| 1949 |
| | French author Simone de Beauvoir publishes The Second Sex, a widely influential feminist polemic | |
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| 1949 |
| | Bertolt Brecht establishes a new theatrical company, the Berliner Ensemble, in East Germany | |
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| 1949 |
| | Carol Reed directs The Third Man>, starring Orson Welles and written by Graham Greene | |
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| 1949 |
| | Enid Blyton introduces her most successful character, Noddy, a small boy who can't avoid nodding when he speaks | |
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| 1949 |
| | French anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss publishes Elementary Structures of Kinship | |
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| 1949 |
| | British atomic physicist Klaus Fuchs is discovered to be a Soviet agent, passing nuclear secrets to the USSR | |
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| 1949 |
| | The world's first commercial jet airliner, the Comet, designed by de Havilland, goes into service with BOAC (British Overseas Airways Corporation) | |
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| 1949 |
| | Eire is renamed the republic of Ireland and withdraws from the Commonwealth, severing the last link with the British crown | |
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| 1949 |
| | Mao Zedong, standing on the Gate of Heavenly Peace in Beijing, proclaims the new People's Republic of China | |
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| 1949 |
| | Mao Zedong's long-standing ally Zhou Enlai heads both the home and foreign departments of the new republic | |
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| 1949 |
| | The British government declares that northern Ireland will remain British unless the parliament in Stormont decides otherwise | |
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